Reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of Self-Compassion Scale
Authors
-
Dicky Sugianto
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia
-
Christiany Suwartono
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Atma Jaya, Indonesia
-
Sandra Handayani Sutanto
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu107
Keywords:
confirmatory factor analysis, scale adaptation, self-compassion, self-compassion scaleAbstract
Self-compassion is a healthy attitude toward oneself which positively associated to an individual’s mental health. Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) is a common instrument to measure levels of self-compassion However, to date, there is no study that evaluates the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of SCS. This study aims to adapt the SCS into Indonesian language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of SCS. Participants in this study were 329 college students enrolled in universities in Jakarta and surrounding areas and were recruited through convenience sampling. Instrument used in this research is the Indonesian version of SCS, which we named Skala Welas Diri (SWD). The result of psychometric evaluation using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), construct validity, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient showed good validity and reliability of SWD. The study suggested that SWD have a similar theoretical model as SCS. The study concludes that SWD could be used as an adequate measurement of self-compassion.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Azwar, S. (2013). Reliabilitas dan validitas (4th ed). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2011). Dependency, self-criticism and negative affect responses following imaginary rejection and failure threats: Meaning-making processes as moderators or mediators. Psychiatry, 74(1), 31-40.
Bloch, J. H. (2018). Self-compassion, social connectedness, and interpersonal competence (Master’s thesis). University of Montana, Montana, United States.
Breines, J. G., & Chen S. (2012). Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation. Personal and Social Psychology Bulletin. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0146167212445599
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Cangur, S., & Ercan, I. (2015). Comparison of model fit indices used in structural equation modelling under multivariate normality. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 14(1), 152-167. doi: 10.22237/jmasm/1430453580
Cleare, S., Gumley, A., & O’Connor, R. C. (2019). Self-compassion, self-forgiveness, suicidal ideation, and self-harm: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2372
Elices, M., Carmona, C., Pascual, J. C., Feliu-Soler, A., Martin-Blanco, A., & Soler, J. (2017). Compassion and self-compassion: Construct and measurement. Mindfulness & Compassion, 2, 34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.mincom.2016.11.003
Feldman, C., & Kuyken, W. (2011). Compassion in the landscape of suffering. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1). Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/14639947.2011.564831
Germer, C. K., & Neff, K. D. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. Journal of Clinical Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/jclp.21923
Gilbert, P., Baldwin, M. W., Irons, C., Baccus, J. R., & Palmer, M. (2006). Self-criticism and self-warmth: An imagery study exploring their relation to depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 20(2), 183-200.
Gilbert, P. Catarino, F., Duarte, C., Matos, M., Kolts, R., … Basran, J. (2017). The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 4(4). Advance online publication. doi: 10.1186/s40639-017-0033-3
Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2011). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351-374. doi: 10.1037/a0018807
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
International Test Commission. (2017). ITC guidelines for translating and adapting tests (second edition). International Journal of Testing. doi: 10.1080/15305058.2017.1398166.
Joeng, J. R., & Turner, S. L. (2015). Mediators between self-criticism and depression: Fear of compassion, self-compassion, and importance to others. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/cou0000071
Kannan, D., & Levitt, H. M. (2013). A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(2), 166-178. doi: 10.1037/a0032355
Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L. T., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32, 959-976. doi: 10.1017/S0033291702006074
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 92(5), 887-904. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887
Lyon, T. (2015). Self-compassion as a predictor of loneliness: The relationship between self-evaluation processes and perceptions of social connection (Selected honor theses). Southeastern University, Florida, United States.
Marsh, I. C., Chan, S. W. Y., & Macbeth, A. (2017). Self-compassion and psychological distress in adolescents: A meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 9, 1011-1027. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0850-7
Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85-101. doi: 10.1080/15298860390129863
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. doi: 10.1080/15298860390209035
Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1). Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x
Neff, K. D. (2016). The Self-Compassion Scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0479-3
Neff, K. D. (2019). Self-compassion scales. SELF-COMPASSION. Ditemu kembali dari https://self-compassion.org/self-compassion-scales-for-researchers/
Neff, K. D., & Seppala, E. (2016). Compassion, well-being, and the hypoegoic self. Dalam K. W. Brown & M. Leary (Eds.), Oxford handbook of hypo-egoic phenomena: Theory and research on the quiet ego (hlm. 478-497). United Kingdom, UK: Oxford University Press.
Neff, K. D., Toth-Kiraly, I., & Colosimo, K. (2018). Self-compassion is a global construct and is overlapping with but distinct from neuroticism: A response to Pfattheicher, Geiger, Hartung, Weiss, and Schindler (2017). European Journal of Personality, 32, 371-392. doi: 10.1002/per.2148
Neff, K. D., Toth-Kiraly, I., Yarnell, L. M., Arimitsu, K., Castilho, P., … Mantzios, M. (2019). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychological Assessment, 31(1), 27-45. doi: 10.1037/pas0000629
Pommier, E. A. (2010). The compassion scale (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.
Schumaker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (3rd ed). New York, NY: Routledge.
Soysa, C. K., & Wilcomb, C. J. (2013). Mindfulness, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and gender as predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being. Mindfulnes. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s12671-013-0247-1
Transcultural Mental Health Service. (n.d.). Kessler 10. Ditemu kembali dari https://www.dhi.health.nsw.gov.au/transcultural-mental-health-centre-tmhc/resources/multilingual-resources-by-title/kessler-10?PagingModule=883&retain=true&pg=2.
Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2011). Dependency, self-criticism and negative affect responses following imaginary rejection and failure threats: Meaning-making processes as moderators or mediators. Psychiatry, 74(1), 31-40.
Bloch, J. H. (2018). Self-compassion, social connectedness, and interpersonal competence (Master’s thesis). University of Montana, Montana, United States.
Breines, J. G., & Chen S. (2012). Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation. Personal and Social Psychology Bulletin. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/0146167212445599
Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Cangur, S., & Ercan, I. (2015). Comparison of model fit indices used in structural equation modelling under multivariate normality. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 14(1), 152-167. doi: 10.22237/jmasm/1430453580
Cleare, S., Gumley, A., & O’Connor, R. C. (2019). Self-compassion, self-forgiveness, suicidal ideation, and self-harm: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2372
Elices, M., Carmona, C., Pascual, J. C., Feliu-Soler, A., Martin-Blanco, A., & Soler, J. (2017). Compassion and self-compassion: Construct and measurement. Mindfulness & Compassion, 2, 34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.mincom.2016.11.003
Feldman, C., & Kuyken, W. (2011). Compassion in the landscape of suffering. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1). Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/14639947.2011.564831
Germer, C. K., & Neff, K. D. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. Journal of Clinical Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1002/jclp.21923
Gilbert, P., Baldwin, M. W., Irons, C., Baccus, J. R., & Palmer, M. (2006). Self-criticism and self-warmth: An imagery study exploring their relation to depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 20(2), 183-200.
Gilbert, P. Catarino, F., Duarte, C., Matos, M., Kolts, R., … Basran, J. (2017). The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 4(4). Advance online publication. doi: 10.1186/s40639-017-0033-3
Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2011). Compassion: An evolutionary analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351-374. doi: 10.1037/a0018807
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
International Test Commission. (2017). ITC guidelines for translating and adapting tests (second edition). International Journal of Testing. doi: 10.1080/15305058.2017.1398166.
Joeng, J. R., & Turner, S. L. (2015). Mediators between self-criticism and depression: Fear of compassion, self-compassion, and importance to others. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/cou0000071
Kannan, D., & Levitt, H. M. (2013). A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(2), 166-178. doi: 10.1037/a0032355
Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L. T., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32, 959-976. doi: 10.1017/S0033291702006074
Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Allen, A. B., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Personality Processes and Individual Differences, 92(5), 887-904. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887
Lyon, T. (2015). Self-compassion as a predictor of loneliness: The relationship between self-evaluation processes and perceptions of social connection (Selected honor theses). Southeastern University, Florida, United States.
Marsh, I. C., Chan, S. W. Y., & Macbeth, A. (2017). Self-compassion and psychological distress in adolescents: A meta-analysis. Mindfulness, 9, 1011-1027. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0850-7
Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85-101. doi: 10.1080/15298860390129863
Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. doi: 10.1080/15298860390209035
Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1). Advance online publication. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x
Neff, K. D. (2016). The Self-Compassion Scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s12671-015-0479-3
Neff, K. D. (2019). Self-compassion scales. SELF-COMPASSION. Ditemu kembali dari https://self-compassion.org/self-compassion-scales-for-researchers/
Neff, K. D., & Seppala, E. (2016). Compassion, well-being, and the hypoegoic self. Dalam K. W. Brown & M. Leary (Eds.), Oxford handbook of hypo-egoic phenomena: Theory and research on the quiet ego (hlm. 478-497). United Kingdom, UK: Oxford University Press.
Neff, K. D., Toth-Kiraly, I., & Colosimo, K. (2018). Self-compassion is a global construct and is overlapping with but distinct from neuroticism: A response to Pfattheicher, Geiger, Hartung, Weiss, and Schindler (2017). European Journal of Personality, 32, 371-392. doi: 10.1002/per.2148
Neff, K. D., Toth-Kiraly, I., Yarnell, L. M., Arimitsu, K., Castilho, P., … Mantzios, M. (2019). Examining the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale in 20 diverse samples: Support for use of a total score and six subscale scores. Psychological Assessment, 31(1), 27-45. doi: 10.1037/pas0000629
Pommier, E. A. (2010). The compassion scale (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, United States.
Schumaker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (3rd ed). New York, NY: Routledge.
Soysa, C. K., & Wilcomb, C. J. (2013). Mindfulness, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and gender as predictors of depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being. Mindfulnes. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s12671-013-0247-1
Transcultural Mental Health Service. (n.d.). Kessler 10. Ditemu kembali dari https://www.dhi.health.nsw.gov.au/transcultural-mental-health-centre-tmhc/resources/multilingual-resources-by-title/kessler-10?PagingModule=883&retain=true&pg=2.
Downloads
Published
2020-06-16
How to Cite
Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. (2020). Reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of Self-Compassion Scale. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 7(2), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu107
Issue
Section
Original Research
Citation Check
License
The authors agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) for the exposure of their work with an acknowledgement of Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology (JPU) as an outlet of their published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
