Validity and reliability analysis of the Support of Faith Scale
Authors
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Christiany Suwartono
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Atma Jaya, Indonesia
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Junianawaty Suhendra
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT, Indonesia
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Sylvia Soeherman
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT, Indonesia
-
Aileen P. Mamahit
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi SAAT, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu93
Keywords:
factor analysis, reliability, religiosity, support of faith, validityAbstract
The formation of faith in adolescents and young people is rooted in their interaction with parents, both father, and mother, as well as friends. Adolescence and young adulthood are periods of seeking faith in various aspects of life. However, there has not been a measurement of the extent to which adolescents and young people regard parents and friends as role models of their faith. This study was aimed to the Perceived Faith Support - Parents and Friends Scale to be the Scale of Faith Support. The study was conducted through convenience sampling, involving 1,390 participants from three major islands in Indonesia. The results of this adaptation proved to be reliable with internal consistency methods, especially Cronbach's Alpha and to be valid with factor analysis methods. Validation with age criteria is proven by the support of faith from the father and mother, but not with friends. The Faith Support Scale is argued to be fit for both theoretical and practical purposes. The development and application of this scale are further discussed.
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References
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Schwartz, K. D., Bukowski, W. M., & Aoki, W. T. (2006). Mentors, friends, and gurus: Peer and nonparent influences on spiritual development. Dalam E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L. M. Wagener, & P. L. Benson (Eds.), The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence (hlm. 310–323). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
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Wilson, J., & Sherkat, D. E. (1994). Returning to the fold. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 33(2), 148–161. doi: 10.2307/1386601
Bandura, A. (2003). On the psychosocial impact and mechanisms of spiritual modeling: Comment. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13(3), 167–173. doi: 10.1207/S15327582IJPR1303_02
Boyatzis, C. J., & Janicki, D. L. (2003). Parent-child communication about religion: Survey and diary data on unilateral transmission and bi-directional reciprocity styles. Review of Religious Research, 44(3), 252–270. doi: 10.2307/3512386
Cooper, C. R., & Cooper, R. G., Jr. (1992). Links between adolescents’ relationships with their parents and peers: Models, evidence, and mechanisms. Dalam R. D. Parke & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Family–peer relationships: Modes of linkage (hlm. 135–158). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Cornwall, M. (1989). The determinants of religious behavior: A theoretical model and empirical test. Social Forces, 68(2), 572–592. doi: 10.2307/2579261
de Vaus, D. A. (1983). The relative importance of parents and peers for adolescent religious orientation: An Australian study. Adolescence, 18(69), 147–158.
Flor, D. L., & Knapp, N. F. (2001). Transmission and transaction: Predicting adolescents’ internalization of parental religious values. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(4), 627–645. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.15.4.627
Fowler, J. W. (1981). Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning (6th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row.
Francis, L. J., & Gibson, H. M. (1993). Parental influence and adolescent religiosity: A study of church attendance and attitude toward Christianity among adolescents 11 to 12 and 15 to 16 years old. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 3(4), 241–253. doi: 10.1207/s15327582ijpr0304_4
Gregory, R. J. (2013). Psychological Testing: History, principles, and applications (7th ed.). Canada: Pearson.
Grotevant, H. D., & Cooper, C. R. (1986). Individuation in family relationships: A perspective on individual differences in the development of identity and role-taking skill in adolescence. Human Development, 29(2), 82–100. doi: 10.1159/000273025
Hoge, D. R., & Petrillo, G. H. (1978). Development of religious thinking in adolescence: A test of Goldman’s theories. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 17(2), 139–154. doi: 10.2307/1386157
Hoge, D. R., Petrillo, G. H., & Smith, E. I. (1982). Transmission of religious and social values from parents to teenage children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44(3), 569–580. doi: 10.2307/351580
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indixes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Hunsberger, B. (1985). Religion, age, life satisfaction, and perceived sources of religiousness: A study of older persons. Journal of Gerontology, 40(5), 615–620. doi: 10.1093/geronj/40.5.615
Hurlock, E. B. (1980). Psikologi perkembangan: Suatu pendekatan sepanjang rentang kehidupan (5th ed.). Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2009). Profil kesehatan Indonesia 2009. Ditemu kembali dari http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/profil-kesehatan-indonesia-2009.pdf
King, P. E., Furrow, J. L., & Roth, N. (2002). The influence of families and peers on adolescent religiousness. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 21(2), 109–120.
Lawrence, J. A., & Valsiner, J. (1993). Conceptual roots of internalization: From transmission to transformation. Human Development, 36(3), 150–167. doi: 10.1159/000277333
Lee, J. W., Rice, G. T., & Gillespie, V. B. (1997). Family worship patterns and their correlation with adolescent behavior and beliefs. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(3), 372–381. doi: 10.2307/1387855
Moretti, M. M., & Peled, M. (2004). Adolescent-parent attachment: Bonds that support healthy development. Paediatrics & Child Health, 9(8), 551-555. doi: 10.1093/pch/9.8.551
Okagaki, L., Hammond, K. A., & Seamon, L. (1999). Socialization of religious beliefs. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20(2), 273–294. doi: 10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00017-9
Oman, D., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Authors’ response: The many frontiers of spiritual modeling: Reply. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13(3), 197–213. doi: 10.1207/S15327582IJPR1303_04
Ozorak, E. W. (1989). Social and cognitive influences on the development of religious beliefs and commitment in adolescence. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28(4), 448–463. doi: 10.2307/1386576
Pearce, L. D., & Denton, M. L. (2011). A faith of their own: Stability and change in the religiosity of America’s adolescents. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Roehlkepartain, E. C., Benson, P. L., King, P. E., & Wagener, L. M. (2006). Spiritual development in childhood and adolescence: Moving to the scientific mainstream. Dalam E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L. M. Wagener, & P. L. Benson (Eds.), The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence (hlm. 1–15). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Santrock, J. W. (2009). Adolescence (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Sax, L. J., Astin, A. W., Korn, W. S., & Mahoney, K. M. (1999). The American freshman: National norms for fall 1998. Los Angeles, CA: Higher Education Research Institute, UCLA.
Schwartz, K. D. (2006). Research: Transformations in parent and friend faith support predicting adolescents’ religious faith. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 16(4), 311–326. doi: 10.1207/s15327582ijpr1604_5
Schwartz, K. D., Bukowski, W. M., & Aoki, W. T. (2006). Mentors, friends, and gurus: Peer and nonparent influences on spiritual development. Dalam E. C. Roehlkepartain, P. E. King, L. M. Wagener, & P. L. Benson (Eds.), The handbook of spiritual development in childhood and adolescence (hlm. 310–323). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Wahib, A. (2015). Psikologi agama: Pengantar memahami perilaku agama. Semarang: Karya Abadi Jaya.
Wilson, J., & Sherkat, D. E. (1994). Returning to the fold. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 33(2), 148–161. doi: 10.2307/1386601
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Published
2019-12-01
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Suwartono, C., Suhendra, J., Soeherman, S., & Mamahit, A. P. (2019). Validity and reliability analysis of the Support of Faith Scale. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 6(2), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu93
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Copyright (c) 2019 Christiany Suwartono, Junianawaty Suhendra, Sylvia Soeherman, Aileen P. Mamahit
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