Stress as mediator between mindfulness and smoking frequency for young adult in Jakarta
Authors
-
Teguh Lesmana
Faculty of Psychology, Bunda Mulia University, Indonesia
-
Mutiara Mirah Yunita
Faculty of Psychology, Bunda Mulia University, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu139
Keywords:
mindfulness, stress, smoking behavior, young adultsAbstract
Studies suggest that mindfulness is an important variable in assisting individuals to better manage their stress. Stress is known as a potential factor that motivate individuals to smoke. The purpose of the present study is to determine the role of stress as a mediator between mindfulness and the frequency of smoking. A survey participated by 400 reguler smokers aged 16 – 40 years old (Mage = 27.92; SD = 8.04) was conducted, where their mindfulness, stress, and smoking frequency were recorded. The regression analysis confirmed the mediation model, suggesting that stress is mediating the relationship between mindfulness and an individual’s smoking frequency. The study concludes that a high score of mindfulness decreases an individual’s stress level, which then reduces their smoking frequency. The study offers a practical implication regarding the potential use of mindfulness training as a strategy to reduce smoking frequency.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Alem, Y., Behrendt, H., Belot, M., & Biro, A. (2018). Mindfulness and stress – A randomized experiment. Working Papers in Economics: Department of Economics, (725), 1-48.
Asyari, Y. (2017). Berapa rokok yang dikonsumsi perokok berat tiap hari? Ditemu kembali dari https://www.jawapos.com/kesehatan/10/08/2017/berapa-rokok-yang-dikonsumsi-perokok-berat-tiap-hari/
Brewer, J. A., Mallik, S., Babuscio, T. A., Nich, C., Johnson, H. E., Deleone, C. M., …Rounsaville, B. J. (2011). Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 119(1-2), 72–80. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.027
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 386-396.
Cohen, R. J., & Swerdik, M. E. (2009). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Davis, J. M., Goldberg, S. B., Angel, K. S., Silver, R. H., Kragel, E. A., & Lagrew, D. J. (2017). Observational study on a mindfulness training for smokers within a smoking cessation program. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1689-1698. doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0744-8
Fitradayanti, T. M. (2018). Merokok redakan stres, benarkah? Ditemu kembali dari https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/2646959/merokok-redakan-stres-benarkah
Gu, J., Strauss, C., Crane, C., Barnhofer, T., Karl, A., Cavanagh, K., & Kuyken, W. (2016). Examining the factor structure of the 39-item and 15-item versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with recurrent depression. Psychological assessment, 28(7), 791-802. doi: 10.1037/pas0000263
Heppner, W. L., Spears, C. A., Fernandez, V. C., Castro, Y., Li, Y., Guo, B., … Wetter, D. W. (2016). Dispositional mindfulness predicts enhanced smoking cessation and smoking lapse recovery. Ann Behav Med, 50(3), 337-347. doi: 10.1007/s12160-015-9759-3
Infodatin Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2015). Situasi umum konsumsi tembakau di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Jansen, M., Heerkens, Y., Kuijer, W., Heijden, B. V. D., & Engels, J. (2018). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on employess mental health: A systematic review. Plos One, 13(1). doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0191332
Ladner, L. (2011). Mindfulness. Dalam Aten, Jamie D. McMinn, Mark R. Worthington, Everett L., Jr. Spiritually oriented interventions for counseling and psychotherapy (hlm. 229-250). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Naik, P., Harris, V. W., & Forthun, L. F. (2013). Mindfulness: An introduction. Ditemu Kembali dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261528260_Mindfulness_An_Introduction
Parrot, A. C. (1999). Does cigarette smoking cause stress? American Psychologist, 54(10), 817-820. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.817
Provinsi pecandu rokok terberat. (2016). Ditemu kembali dari http://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2016/08/22/provinsi-pecandu-rokok-terberat
Ramadhan, K., Carolina, J. M., & Lisiswanti, R. (2017). Hubungan tingkat stres dengan frekuensi merokok mahasiswa kedokteran universitas lampung. Medula, 7(5), 118-121.
Rush, S. E., & Sharma, M. (2017). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for cancer care: A systematic review. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 22(2), 348–360. doi:10.1177/2156587216661467
Ryan, T. P. (2013). Sample size determination and power. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Salman, G. (2018). Murahnya harga rokok sebabkan usia perokok di indonesia makin muda. Ditemu kembali dari https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/07/23/08152331/murahnya-harga-rokok-sebabkan-usia-perokok-di-indonesia-makin-muda
Setyaningsih, L. (2018). Jumlah perokok pemula semakin meningkat menjadi 88,6%. Ditemu kembali dari http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/07/23/jumlah-perokok-pemula-semakin-meningkat-menjadi-886-persen?page=1
Sharma, M., & Rush, S. E. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: A systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 1-16. doi: 10.1177/2156587214543143
Shapiro, S. L., & Carlson, L. E. (2009). The art and science of mindfulness: Integrating mindfulness into psychology and the helping professions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Son, S. R., Choe, B. M., Kim, S. H., Hong, Y. S., & Kim, B. G. (2016). A study on the relationship between job stress and nicotine dependence in Korean workers. Annals of Occuopational and Environmental Medicine, 28 (27), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s40557-016-0113-4
Slopen, N., Kontos, E. Z., Ryff, C. D., Ayanian, J. Z., Albert, M. A., & Williams, D. R. (2013). Psychososial stress and cigarette smoking persistence, cessation, and relapse over 9-10 years: A prospective study of middle-aged adults in the United States. Cancer Causes Control, 24(10), 1849-1963. doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0262-5
Stubbs, B., Veronese, N., Vancampfort, D., Prina, A. M., Lin, P. Y., Tseng, P. T., …Koyanagi, A. (2017). Perceived stress and smoking across 41 countries: A global perspective across Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Scientific Reports 7, 7597. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07579-w
The tobacco atlas: Indonesia. (2015). Ditemu kembali dari https://tobaccoatlas.org/country/indonesia/
Tomlinson, E. R., Yousaf, O., Vitterso, A. D., & Jones, L. (2018). Dispositional mindfulness and psychological health: A systematic review. Mindfulness, 9(1): 23-43. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0762-6
Torres, O. V., & O’Dell, L. E. (2016). Stress is a principal factor that promotes tobacco use in females. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 4(65): 260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.005
Wahyudi, S. T. (2017). Statistika Ekonomi Konsep, Teori, dan Penerapan. Malang: UB Press.
Zvolensky, M. J., Taha, F., Bono, A., & Goodwin, R. D. (2015). Big five personality factors and cigarette smoking: A 10-year study among US adults. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 63, 91-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.008.
Asyari, Y. (2017). Berapa rokok yang dikonsumsi perokok berat tiap hari? Ditemu kembali dari https://www.jawapos.com/kesehatan/10/08/2017/berapa-rokok-yang-dikonsumsi-perokok-berat-tiap-hari/
Brewer, J. A., Mallik, S., Babuscio, T. A., Nich, C., Johnson, H. E., Deleone, C. M., …Rounsaville, B. J. (2011). Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 119(1-2), 72–80. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.027
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 386-396.
Cohen, R. J., & Swerdik, M. E. (2009). Psychological testing and assessment: An introduction to tests and measurement (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Davis, J. M., Goldberg, S. B., Angel, K. S., Silver, R. H., Kragel, E. A., & Lagrew, D. J. (2017). Observational study on a mindfulness training for smokers within a smoking cessation program. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1689-1698. doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0744-8
Fitradayanti, T. M. (2018). Merokok redakan stres, benarkah? Ditemu kembali dari https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/2646959/merokok-redakan-stres-benarkah
Gu, J., Strauss, C., Crane, C., Barnhofer, T., Karl, A., Cavanagh, K., & Kuyken, W. (2016). Examining the factor structure of the 39-item and 15-item versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with recurrent depression. Psychological assessment, 28(7), 791-802. doi: 10.1037/pas0000263
Heppner, W. L., Spears, C. A., Fernandez, V. C., Castro, Y., Li, Y., Guo, B., … Wetter, D. W. (2016). Dispositional mindfulness predicts enhanced smoking cessation and smoking lapse recovery. Ann Behav Med, 50(3), 337-347. doi: 10.1007/s12160-015-9759-3
Infodatin Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2015). Situasi umum konsumsi tembakau di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Jansen, M., Heerkens, Y., Kuijer, W., Heijden, B. V. D., & Engels, J. (2018). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on employess mental health: A systematic review. Plos One, 13(1). doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0191332
Ladner, L. (2011). Mindfulness. Dalam Aten, Jamie D. McMinn, Mark R. Worthington, Everett L., Jr. Spiritually oriented interventions for counseling and psychotherapy (hlm. 229-250). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Naik, P., Harris, V. W., & Forthun, L. F. (2013). Mindfulness: An introduction. Ditemu Kembali dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261528260_Mindfulness_An_Introduction
Parrot, A. C. (1999). Does cigarette smoking cause stress? American Psychologist, 54(10), 817-820. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.817
Provinsi pecandu rokok terberat. (2016). Ditemu kembali dari http://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2016/08/22/provinsi-pecandu-rokok-terberat
Ramadhan, K., Carolina, J. M., & Lisiswanti, R. (2017). Hubungan tingkat stres dengan frekuensi merokok mahasiswa kedokteran universitas lampung. Medula, 7(5), 118-121.
Rush, S. E., & Sharma, M. (2017). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for cancer care: A systematic review. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 22(2), 348–360. doi:10.1177/2156587216661467
Ryan, T. P. (2013). Sample size determination and power. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Salman, G. (2018). Murahnya harga rokok sebabkan usia perokok di indonesia makin muda. Ditemu kembali dari https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/07/23/08152331/murahnya-harga-rokok-sebabkan-usia-perokok-di-indonesia-makin-muda
Setyaningsih, L. (2018). Jumlah perokok pemula semakin meningkat menjadi 88,6%. Ditemu kembali dari http://wartakota.tribunnews.com/2018/07/23/jumlah-perokok-pemula-semakin-meningkat-menjadi-886-persen?page=1
Sharma, M., & Rush, S. E. (2014). Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for healthy individuals: A systematic review. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine. 1-16. doi: 10.1177/2156587214543143
Shapiro, S. L., & Carlson, L. E. (2009). The art and science of mindfulness: Integrating mindfulness into psychology and the helping professions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Son, S. R., Choe, B. M., Kim, S. H., Hong, Y. S., & Kim, B. G. (2016). A study on the relationship between job stress and nicotine dependence in Korean workers. Annals of Occuopational and Environmental Medicine, 28 (27), 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s40557-016-0113-4
Slopen, N., Kontos, E. Z., Ryff, C. D., Ayanian, J. Z., Albert, M. A., & Williams, D. R. (2013). Psychososial stress and cigarette smoking persistence, cessation, and relapse over 9-10 years: A prospective study of middle-aged adults in the United States. Cancer Causes Control, 24(10), 1849-1963. doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0262-5
Stubbs, B., Veronese, N., Vancampfort, D., Prina, A. M., Lin, P. Y., Tseng, P. T., …Koyanagi, A. (2017). Perceived stress and smoking across 41 countries: A global perspective across Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Scientific Reports 7, 7597. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07579-w
The tobacco atlas: Indonesia. (2015). Ditemu kembali dari https://tobaccoatlas.org/country/indonesia/
Tomlinson, E. R., Yousaf, O., Vitterso, A. D., & Jones, L. (2018). Dispositional mindfulness and psychological health: A systematic review. Mindfulness, 9(1): 23-43. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0762-6
Torres, O. V., & O’Dell, L. E. (2016). Stress is a principal factor that promotes tobacco use in females. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 4(65): 260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.005
Wahyudi, S. T. (2017). Statistika Ekonomi Konsep, Teori, dan Penerapan. Malang: UB Press.
Zvolensky, M. J., Taha, F., Bono, A., & Goodwin, R. D. (2015). Big five personality factors and cigarette smoking: A 10-year study among US adults. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 63, 91-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.008.
Downloads
Published
2021-05-30
How to Cite
Lesmana, T., & Yunita, M. M. (2021). Stress as mediator between mindfulness and smoking frequency for young adult in Jakarta. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 8(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu139
Issue
Section
Original Research
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Teguh Lesmana, Mutiara Mirah Yunita
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) for the exposure of their work with an acknowledgement of Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology (JPU) as an outlet of their published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
