Journey to happiness: A phenomenological study of single mothers' positive spiritual coping experiences as woman-headed household
Authors
-
Kartika Sari Dewi
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu730
Keywords:
woman-headed household, happiness, positive spiritual coping, thematic analysisAbstract
The number of woman-headed households in Indonesia is increasing every year, and many of them experience a decreased in well-being due to factors such as intrapersonal conflict in family management, financial instability, increased parental burden as a single parent, and social prejudice. Spirituality could be one of their coping strategies. This study aims to reveal the experience of positive spiritual coping of woman-headed households in achieving their happiness. A snowball sampling technique was applied to recruit ten woman participants (30–48 years old) who had been heads of household for at least two years. This qualitative research used a phenomenological design with thematic analysis. The results of the study revealed that participants’ spiritual coping facilitated resilience and happiness attainment. Two main themes emerged from participants’ responses: positive spirituality coping and self-happiness that develops from adaptive mental processes. In contrast to previous studies, the results of this study elucidate positive spiritual coping as a pivotal factor in fostering mothers’ happiness. This is achieved through the cultivation of positive mindsets, attitudes, and emotions, even amids challenging living circumstances and the demands of independence.
Downloads
References
Arrey, A. E., Bilsen, J., Lacor, P., & Deschepper, R. (2016). Spirituality/religiosity: A cultural and psychological resource among sub-saharan african migrant women with HIV/AIDS in Belgium. PloS one, 11(7), e0159488. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159488
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Persentase rumah tangga menurut daerah tempat tinggal, kelompok umur, jenis kelamin kepala rumah tangga, dan status perkawinan. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/1/MTYwNSMx/persentase-rumah-tangga-menurut-daerah-tempat-tinggal---kelompok-umur--jenis-kelamin-kepala-rumah-tangga--dan-status-perkawinan--2009-2023.html
Blum, C. A. (2018). Concerns of the Divorced Woman and Impact on Health. ScienceForecast Publications, 1(1), 1–4.
Brown, D. R., Carney, J. S., Parrish, M. S., & Klem, J. L. (2013). Assessing spirituality: the relationship between spirituality and mental health. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 15(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2013.776442
Cohen, O., Leichtentritt, R. D., & Volpin, N. (2014). Divorced mothers’ self-perception of their divorce-related communication with their children. Child and Family Social Work, 19(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2012.00878.x
Cornah, D. (2006). The impact of spirituality on mental health. Mental Health Foundation. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315379692-4
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publication inc.
De Silva, I. (2003). Demographic and social trends affecting families in the South and Central Asian Region. Major Trends Affecting Families: A Background Document, 45. https://social.desa.un.org/issues/family/publication
Dewi, K. S., & Ginanjar, A. S. (2019). Peranan faktor-faktor interaksional dalam perspektif teori sistem keluarga terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga. Jurnal Psikologi, 18(2), 245-263. https://doi.org/10.14710/jp.18.2.245-263
Dfarhud, D., Malmir, M., & Khanahmadi, M. (2014). Happiness & Health: The Biological Factors- Systematic Review Article. Iranian journal of public health, 43(11), 1468–1477.
Diener, E., Helliwell, J. F., & Kahneman, D. (2010). International differences in well- being. Oxford University Press, Inc.
Faiz, R. & Rahmah, N. (2023). Spiritual koping pada ayah dengan pengalaman parenting dalam pembelajaran anak saat WFH. Thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Fahmi, R., & Khairulyadi. (2018). Menjanda dan memaknai keluarga. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FISIP Unsiyah, 3(1), 11. http://www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/FISIP/article/view/6498/2737
Florencya, A., & Hasanuddin, T. (2021). Pola adaptasi dan kemandirian perempuan kepala keluarga pasca perceraian. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 4(1), 1–9. https://jayapanguspress.penerbit.org/index.php/ganaya/article/view/1243
Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Coffey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045–1062. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013262
Fredrickson, B.L. (2014). Positive emotions: The good, the bad, the inert, and the complicated. in June Gruber, and Judith Tedlie Moskowitz (eds), Positive emotion: integrating the light sides and dark sides. Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199926725.003.0028.
Gall, T. L., & Guirguis-Younger, M. (2013). Religious and spiritual koping: Current theory and research. In K. I. Pargament, J. J. Exline, & J. W. Jones (Eds.), APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol. 1): Context, theory, and research (pp. 349–364). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14045-019
Goldscheider, F., Scott, M. E., Lilja, E., & Bronte-Tinkew, J. (2015). Becoming a single parent: the role of father and mother characteristics. Journal of Family Issues, 36(12), 1624–1650. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13508405
Hakvoort, E. M., Bos, H. M. W., Van Balen, F., & Hermanns, J. M. A. (2012). Spillover between mothers’ postdivorce relationships: the mediating role of parenting stress. Personal Relationships, 19(2), 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2011.01351.x
Jones, A., Cohen, D., Johnstone, B., Yoon, D. P., Schopp, L. H., McCormack, G., & Campbell, J. (2015). Relationships between negative spiritual beliefs and health outcomes for individuals with heterogeneous medical conditions. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 17(2), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2015.1023679
Kohls, N., Walach, H., & Lewith, G. (2009). The impact of positive and negative spiritual experiences on distress and the moderating role of mindfulness. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 31(3), 357–374. https://doi.org/10.1163/008467209x12524724282032
Lee, M. A., & Kawachi, I. (2019). The keys to happiness: Associations between personal values regarding core life domains and happiness in South Korea. PloS one, 14(1), e0209821. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209821
Majumdar, A. (2019). Thematic analysis in qualitative research. In Qualitative techniques for workplace data analysis (hal. 197–220). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5366-3.ch009
Mashabi, S. (2020, Agustus 4). Melihat kondisi perempuan kepala keluarga saat pandemi. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/08/04/07293301/melihat-kondisi-perempuan-kepala-keluarga-saat-pandemi?page=all.
McGoldrick, M., Carter, B., & Gracia-Preto, N. (2011). Individual, family & social perspective: the expanded family life cycle. Pearson Education Inc.
Mukti, L. M. (2020). Pemberdayaan perempuan kepala keluarga. https://mediaindonesia.com/opini/356355/pemberdayaan-perempuan-kepala-keluarga
Mokalu, P. V., Harilama, S. H. & Mewengkang, N. (2015). Konstruksi diri anak pascaperceraian orangtua di lingkungan masyarakat kelurahan Karombasan Utara kecamatan Wanea kota Manado. E-journal “Acta Diurna”, 4(5).
Nixon, E., Greene, S., & Hogan, D. M. (2012). Negotiating relationships in single-mother households: perspectives of children and mothers. Family Relations, 61(1), 142–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00678.x
Özar, Ş., & Yakut-Cakar, B. (2013). Unfolding the invisibility of women without men in the case of Turkey. Women’s Studies International Forum, 41(P1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.03.010
Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2009). Spirituality: the search for the sacred. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (2nd ed., hal. 610–620). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195187243.013.0058
Parker, L., Riyani, I., & Nolan, B. (2016). The stigmatisation of widows and divorcees (janda) in Indonesia, and the possibilities for agency. Indonesia and the Malay World, 44(128), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2016.1111677
Parker, C, Scott, S., & Geddes, A. (2019). Snowball sampling. SAGE Research Methods Foundations.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (PEKKA). (2018). Latar belakang pemberdayaan perempuan kepala keluarga. https://pekka.or.id/latar-belakang
Purnama, R. (2017). Penyelesaian stres melalui koping spiritual. Al-Adyan, Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama, 12 (1), 70-83.
Putri, N. A., & Montessori, M. (2022). Adaptasi sosial perempuan sebagai kepala keluarga. 4(4), 363–370.
Purwanti, D., Ropi, H. & Widianti, E. (2013). Gambaran respon berduka pada anak remaja dengan orangtua bercerai di SMP negeri 1 Jatinangor kabupaten Sumedang. Jurnal Keperawatan, 1(2), 135-147.
Raphael, A. (2017). The strength of single parent mother families in Dae res Salaam Tanzania. Faculty of Social and Political Sciencess University of Airlangga.
Sarbini, W., Wulandari, K. (2014). Kondisi Psikologi Anak dari Keluarga yang Bercerai (The Conditions of Child Psychology Toward Family Divorced). Artikel Ilmiah Hasil Penelitian Mahasiswa 2014.
Sher-Censor, E. (2015). The challenges of Israeli adolescent girls: gender differences in observed autonomy and relatedness in adolescent-mother interactions. Sex Roles, 72(3–4), 150–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0445-5
Spencer, M. (2012). What is spirituality? A personal exploration. Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Terry, G., Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. In The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research in Psychology (2nd ed., hal. 17–37). SAGE Publications.
Uchida, Y., Norasakkunkit, V., & Kitayama, S. (2004). Cultural constructions of happiness: theory and emprical evidence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-8785-9
University of Missouri Health. (2015). Negative spiritual beliefs associated with more pain and worse physical, mental health. ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150923125336.htm
Walidah, Z. (2014). Dampak perceraian orangtua terhadap kepribadian siswa kelas VII di SMPN 1 Porong Sidoarjo. Skripsi. UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
Walsh, F. (2012). The spiritual dimension of family life. In In Normal Family Processes: Growing Diversity and Complexity (4th ed.). Guilford Press.
Wibawa, R. P., & Wihartanti, L. V. (2018). Peran perempuan kepala keluarga dalam menciptakan kesejahteraan keluarga. Eco-Socio: Jurnal ilmu dan Pendidikan Ekonomi, 2(2), 145–152. http://194.59.165.171/index.php/ECS/article/view/35
Zelenski, J. M., & Nisbet, E. K. (2014). Happiness and feeling connected: the distinct role of nature relatedness. Environment and Behavior, 46(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512451901
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Kartika Sari Dewi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) for the exposure of their work with an acknowledgement of Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology (JPU) as an outlet of their published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
