Marital power and marital satisfaction among individuals in dual-earner marriage: The moderating role of gender role ideology

Authors

  • Luh Ayu Candra Utami Psychology Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Lathifah Hanum Psychology Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Fivi Nurwianti Psychology Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Cantyo Atindriyo Dannisworo Psychology Study Program, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu1357

Keywords:

dual-earner marriage, gender role ideology, marital power outcome, marital power process, marital satisfaction

Abstract

Modernization in Indonesia increases the prevalence of dual-earner couples. Studies found mixed results on the relationship between marital power and marital satisfaction. In Indonesian society with a wide gender gap, it is interesting to examine gender role ideology as a potential moderator. This study aimed to examine the association between marital power process and marital power outcome on marital satisfaction, and the moderating role of gender role ideology. Participants were 227 dual-earner individuals (n women = 183 and n men = 44). Data was collected using CSI-16, MPI, and IPSPC, and data analysis was performed using simple moderation in Hayes PROCESS. Results showed that marital power process and marital power outcome positively predicted marital satisfaction, but there was no significant moderating effect of gender role ideology. The findings imply that regardless of gender role ideology, individuals in dual-earner marriage can achieve marital satisfaction when they perceive an equal level of influence within the marriage.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aronson, P., & Aronson-Paxton, H. (2020). Dual-earner couples. Dalam G. Ritzer (Ed.), The Blackwell encyclopedia of sociology (hlm. 1–4). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosd096.pub3

Babcock, J. C., Waltz, J., Jacobson, N. S., & Gottman, J. M. (1993). Power and violence: The relation between communication patterns, power discrepancies, and domestic violence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.61.1.40

Bartley, S. J., Blanton, P. W., & Gilliard, J. L. (2008). Husbands and wives in dual-earner marriages: decision-making, gender role attitudes, division of household labor, and equity. Marriage & Family Review, 37(4), 69–94. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v37n04_05

Bird, G. A., Day, S., & Cavell, M. (1990). Housing and household characteristics of single‐ and dual‐earner families. Home Economics Research Journal, 19(1), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727X9001900104

Blood, R. O., Jr., & Wolfe, D. M. (1960). Husbands and wives: The dynamics of married living. The Free Press.

Bolzendahl, C. I., & Myers, D. J. (2004). Feminist attitudes and support for gender equality: Opinion change in women and men. Social Forces, 83(2), 759–789. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0005

Brezsnyak, M., & Whisman, M. A. (2004). Sexual desire and relationship functioning: The effects of marital satisfaction and power. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 30(3), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926230490262393

Brown, S. L., & Lewis, B. P. (2004). Relational dominance and mate-selection criteria: Evidence that males attend to female dominance. Evolution and Human Behavior, 25(6), 406–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.003

Bulanda, J. R. (2011). Gender, marital power, and marital quality in later life. Journal of Women &

Aging, 23(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2011.540481

Capistrant, B., Pruett, M. K., Rivera, S., Gilette, P., Cowan, C. P., & Cowan, P. A. (2020). Earner status, marital satisfaction, and division of childcare among Mexican American and Caucasian couples. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 90(3), 156–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377317.2020.1715750

Carlson, M. W., & Hans, J. D. (2020). Maximizing benefits and minimizing impacts: Dual-earner couples’ perceived division of household labor decision-making process. Journal of Family Studies, 26(2), 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2017.1367712

Chrishianie, C., Ginanjar, A. S., & Primasari, I. (2018). Marital satisfaction among dual-earner marriage couples: Commuter versus single residences couples. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 1(2), 107. https://doi.org/10.7454/proust.v1i2.36

Cromwell, R. E., & Olsen, D. H. (1975). Power in families (hlm. 17–264). Sage.

Cunningham, M. (2008). Influences of gender ideology and housework allocation on women’s employment over the life course. Social Science Research, 37(1), 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.01.003

Dai, W. (2016). Dual-earner couples in the United States. Dalam Encyclopedia of Family Studies (hlm. 1–6). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs406

Dannisworo, C. A., & Amalia, F. (2019). Psychological well-being, gender ideology, dan waktu sebagai prediktor keterlibatan ayah. Jurnal Psikologi, 46(3), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.35192

Davis, S. N., & Greenstein, T. N. (2009). Gender ideology: Components, predictors, and consequences. Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-070308-115920

Deutsch, F. M. (2000). Halving it all: How equally shared parenting works. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674272040

Diekman, A. B., Goodfriend, W., & Goodwin, S. (2004). Dynamic stereotypes of power: Perceived change and stability in gender hierarchies. Sex Roles, 50(3–4), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SERS.0000015552.22775.44

Faisal, C., M., & Sari, Y., R. (2018). Comparison of the marital satisfaction between dual-earner and single-earner couples. Dalam Ariyanto, A. A., Muluk, H., Newcomber, P., Piercy, F., Poerwandari, E. K., Suradijono, S. H. (Ed.), Diversity in unity: Perspectives from psychology and behavioral sciences (hlm. 49–55). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315225302

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146

Faulkner, R. A., Davey, M., & Davey, A. (2005). Gender-related predictors of change in marital satisfaction and marital conflict. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 33(1), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180590889211

Fincham, F. D., & Rogge, R. (2010). Understanding relationship quality: Theoretical challenges and new tools for assessment. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 2(4), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2589.2010.00059.x

Finkel, E. J. (2017). The all-or-nothing marriage: How the best marriages work. Dutton. https://www.amazon.com/All-Nothing-Marriage-Best-Marriages/dp/052595516X

Fisher, E. A., & Sharp, S. W. (2004). The art of managing everyday conflict: Understanding emotions and power struggles (hlm. 13–236). Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.

Fitzsimons, G. M., & Shah, J. Y. (2008). How goal instrumentality shapes relationship evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(2), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.95.2.319

Funk, J. L., & Rogge, R. D. (2007). Testing the ruler with item response theory: Increasing precision of measurement for relationship satisfaction with the Couples Satisfaction Index. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 572–583. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.572

Ginanjar, A. S., Primasari, I., Rahmadini, R., & Astuti, R. W. (2020). Hubungan antara work-family conflict dan work-family balance dengan kepuasan pernikahan pada istri yang menjalani dual-earner family. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 13(2), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2020.13.2.112

Gray-Little, B., & Burks, N. (1983). Power and satisfaction in marriage: A review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 93(3), 513–538. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.93.3.513

Guerrero, L. K., Andersen, P. A., & Afifi, W. A. (2017). Close encounters: Communication in relationships. SAGE.

Haddock, S. A., & Rattenborg, K. (2003). Benefits and challenges of dual-earning: Perspectives of successful couples. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(5), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180390223978

Haris, F., & Kumar, A. (2018). Marital satisfaction and communication skills among married couples. Indian Journal of Social Research, 59(1), 35–44.

Harris, R. J., & Firestone, J. (1998). Changes in predictors of gender role ideologies among women: A multivariate analysis. Sex Roles, 38, 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018785100469

Helms, H. M., Supple, A. J., Hengstebeck, N. D., Wood, C. A., & Rodriguez, Y. (2019). Marital processes linking gender role attitudes and marital satisfaction among Mexican‐origin couples: Application of an actor–partner interdependence mediation model. Family Process, 58(1), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12338

Himawan, K. K., Bambling, M., & Edirippulige, S. (2017). Modernization and singlehood in Indonesia: Psychological and social impacts. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 40(2), 499–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2017.09.008

Joel, S., MacDonald, G., & Shimotomai, A. (2011). Conflicting pressures on romantic relationship commitment for anxiously attached individuals. Journal of Personality, 79(1), 51–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00680.x

Jonathan, N., & Knudson-Martin, C. (2012). Building connection: Attunement and gender equality in heterosexual relationships. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 11(2), 95–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2012.666497

Josephson, J. J., & Burack, C. (1998). The political ideology of the neo‐traditional family. Journal of Political Ideologies, 3(2), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569319808420777

Kim, J. J., Visserman, M. L., & Impett, E. A. (2019). Power in close intimate relationships. Dalam C. R. Agnew & J. J. Harman (Ed.), Power in close relationships (hlm. 192–224). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108131490.010.

King, J. J. (2005). Gender ideology: Impact on dual-career couples’ role strain, marital satisfaction, and life satisfaction [Texas A&M University]. https://www.proquest.com/docview/305360024/abstract/CC256D8BEDDB4404PQ/1

Knudson‐Martin, C. (2013). Why power matters: Creating a foundation of mutual support in couple relationships. Family Process, 52(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12011

Lavner, J. A., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2016). Does couples’ communication predict marital satisfaction, or does marital satisfaction predict communication? Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(3), 680–694. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12301

LeBaron, C. D. L., Miller, R. B., & Yorgason, J. B. (2014). A longitudinal examination of women’s perceptions of marital power and marital happiness in midlife marriages. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 13(2), 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2013.852492

Leonhardt, N. D. (2018). Relational Empowerment: The Longitudinal Influence of Perceived Marital Power on Marital Quality and Attachment Security over Five Years of Marriage - ProQuest [Brigham Young University]. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7448

Leonhardt, N. D., Willoughby, B. J., Dyer, W. J., & Carroll, J. S. (2020). Longitudinal influence of shared marital power on marital quality and attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000566

Li, X., Cao, H., Curran, M. A., Fang, X., & Zhou, N. (2020). Traditional gender ideology, work family conflict, and marital quality among Chinese dual-earner couples: A moderated mediation model. Sex Roles, 83(9–10), 622–635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01125-1

Mannino, C. A., & Deutsch, F. M. (2007). Changing the division of household labor: A negotiated process between partners. Sex Roles, 56(5–6), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9181-1

Minnotte, K. L., Minnotte, M. C., & Pedersen, D. E. (2013). Marital satisfaction among dual-earner couples: Gender ideologies and family-to-work conflict. Family Relations, 62(4), 686–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12021

Moen, P., & Yu, Y. (2000). Effective work/life strategies: Working couples, work conditions, gender, and life quality. Social Problems, 47(3), 291–326. https://doi.org/10.2307/3097233

Putri, D. P. K., & Lestari, S. (2015). Pembagian peran dalam rumah tangga pada pasangan suami istri jawa. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 16(1), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v16i1.1523

Qian, Y., & Sayer, L. C. (2015). Division of labor, gender ideology, and marital satisfaction in East Asia. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(2), 383–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12274

Quek, K. M.-T., & Knudson-Martin, C. (2008). Reshaping marital power: How dual-career newlywed couples create equality in Singapore. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(3), 511–532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407508090871

Randles, J. M. (2016). Redefining the marital power struggle through relationship skills: How US marriage education programs challenge and reproduce gender inequality. Gender & Society, 30(2), 240–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243215602920

Ratnasari, Y., & Fatheya, F. (2022). Income earner status and couple type and its impact on marital satisfaction. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 26(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.2171121

Rosiana, E., Zaman, A. A., Lutfiani, F., Simanjuntak, M., & Riany, Y. E. (2022). Case study: Analysis of factors affecting marriage satisfaction in married couples during pandemic. Journal of Family Sciences, 68–82. https://doi.org/10.29244/jfs.vi.36537

Rumondor, P. C. B. (2022). Peran Stres Eksternal, Dyadic Coping, Attachment, dan Ideologi Peran Gender dalam Memprediksikan Kepuasan pernikahan Pasangan Bekerja Berpendidikan Tinggi di Perkotaan [Universitas Indonesia]. https://lontar.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20522835&lokasi=lokal

Sarantakos, S. (2000). Marital power and quality of marriage. Australian Social Work, 53(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/03124070008415556

Schwarzwald, J., Koslowsky, M., & Izhak-Nir, E. B. (2008). Gender role ideology as a moderator of the relationship between social power tactics and marital satisfaction. Sex Roles, 59(9), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9454-y

Srisusanti, S., & Zulkaida, A. (2013). Studi deskriptif mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan perkawinan pada istri. UG Journal, 7(6), 8–12. https://ejournal.gunadarma.ac.id/index.php/ugjournal/article/view/1198/1059

Steil, J. M. (2009). Dual-earner couples. Dalam Encyclopedia of human relationships (hlm. 469–471). SAGE.

Supriyantini, S. (2002). Hubungan antara pandangan peran gender dengan keterlibatan suami dalam kegiatan rumah tangga. Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Taniguchi, H., & Kaufman, G. (2013). Gender role attitudes, troubles talk, and marital satisfaction in Japan. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(7), 975–994. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407513516559

Tavakol, Z., Behboodi Moghadam, Z., Nikbakht Nasrabadi, A., Salehiniya, H., & Rezaei, E. (2017). A review of the factors associated with marital satisfaction. Galen Medical Journal, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v6i3.641

Tereškinas, A. (2010). Between the egalitarian and neotraditional family: Gender and values in contemporary Lithuania. Culture and Society: Journal of Social Research, 1(1), 63–81. https://culturesociety.vdu.lt/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/A.-Tereskinas-Between-the-Egalitarian-and-Neotraditional-Family1.pdf

Tichenor, V. (2005). Maintaining men’s dominance: Negotiating identity and power when she earns more. Sex Roles, 53(3), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-5678-2

United Nations Development Programme. (2023). Gender Inequality Index. Dalam Human Development Reports. United Nations. https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/thematic-composite-indices/gender-inequality-index#/indicies/GII

Utamidewi, W. (2017). Konstruksi makna istri tentang peran suami (studi fenomenologi tentang istri sebagai wanita karir dan memiliki pendapatan yang lebih besar dari suami di kota Jakarta). Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana, 2(2), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.35706/jpi.v2i2.966

Utomo, A. J. (2008). Women as secondary earners: The Labor Market and Marriage Expectations of Educated Youth in Urban Indonesia [The Australian National University]. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156622623.pdf

Utomo, A. J. (2012). Women as secondary earners: Gendered preferences on marriage and employment of university students in modern Indonesia. Asian Population Studies, 8(1), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2012.646841

Utomo, A. J. (2015). Gender in the midst of reforms: Attitudes to work and family roles among university students in Urban Indonesia. Marriage and Family Review, 52(5), 421–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2015.1113224

Veronika, M., & Afdal, A. (2021). Analisis kepuasan pernikahan pada suami istri yang bekerja. Jurnal EDUCATIO Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.29210/202121150

Wanic, R., & Kulik, J. (2011). Toward an understanding of gender differences in the impact of marital conflict on health. Sex Roles, 65(5), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-9968-6

Xu, X., & Lai, S.-C. (2004). Gender ideologies, marital roles, and marital quality in Taiwan. Journal of Family Issues, 25(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03257709

Yoo, J. (2020). Gender role attitude, communication quality, and marital satisfaction among Korean adults. Journal of Family Studies, 28(3), 1108–1125. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2020.1791230

Yoo, J. (2022). Gender role ideology, work–family conflict, family–work conflict, and marital satisfaction among Korean dual-earner couples. Journal of Family Issues, 43(6), 1520–1535. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211026966

Zimmerman, T. S. (2003). Intimate partnership: Foundation to the successful balance of family and work. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(2), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180301126

Zimmerman, T. S., Haddock, S. A., Ziemba, S., & Rust, A. (2002). Family organizational labor: Who’s calling the plays? Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 13(2–3), 65–90. https://doi.org/10.1300/J086v13n02_05

Published

18-05-2026

How to Cite

Utami, L. A. C., Hanum, L., Nurwianti, F., & Dannisworo, C. A. (2026). Marital power and marital satisfaction among individuals in dual-earner marriage: The moderating role of gender role ideology. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu1357

Issue

Section

Original Research

Citation Check