The effect of self-compassion on caregiver burden in schizophrenia caregivers

Authors

  • Nabila Aditya Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Business, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, Indonesia
  • Ellyana Dwi Farisandy Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Business, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu1109

Keywords:

caregiver, caregiver burden, schizophrenia, self-compassion

Abstract

Most people with schizophrenia is highly dependent on the involvement of those closest to them, especially their families. Providing care for a long period of time can affect the caregiver's condition and potentially experience caregiver burden and decreased physical and mental health. The purpose of this study is to determine the significant negative effect of self-compassion on caregiver burden in schizophrenia caregivers. This study involved 373 schizophrenia caregiver subjects. The Zarit Burden Interview and the Self-Compassion Scale were employed in this study. The simple linear regression analysis indicated that there is a significant effect of self-compassion in reducing caregiver burden in schizophrenia caregivers. The higher the self-compassion, the lower the caregiver burden perceived by schizophrenia caregivers. These results allow for alternative interventions that consider cultural contexts, such as self-compassion training, based on the development of collective-value strategies, acceptance, and spirituality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adeosun, I. I. (2013). Correlates of caregiver burden among family members of patients with Schizophrenia in Lagos, Nigeria. Schizophrenia Research and Treatment, 1, Artikel 353809. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/353809

Afriyeni, N., & Sartana. (2020). Pengaruh psikoedukasi terhadap pengetahuan dan beban caregiver skizofrenia. Jurnal Ilmu Perilaku, 4(1), 60–73. https://doi.org/10.25077/jip.4.1.60-73.2020

Alim, Y. C., Anggraini, M. T., & Noviasari, N. A. (2023). Analisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan beban family caregiver dalam mengasuh pasien skizofrenia. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa (JKJ): Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia, 11(2), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkj.11.2.2023.361-368

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-8166(95)80062-X

Apriyanto, B. S., Akasyah, W., & Astutik, W. S. (2023). Gambaran tingkat stres caregiver keluarga penderita skizofrenia di Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. Judika (Jurnal Nusantara Medika), 7(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.29407/judika.v7i1.20096

Arief, M. I., & Yuwanto, L. (2023). Gotong royong sebagai budaya bangsa Indonesia ditinjau dari teori nilai (basic human values theory). Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika, 4(2), 490–497. https://doi.org/10.36312/jcm.v4i2.1498

Arthanti, M. D., & Andayani, B. (2024). Appraisal, koping, dan dukungan sosial: Studi kasus family caregiver orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS). Dalam Prosiding Seminar Nasional Psikologi 2024 (hlm. 29–37). Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Mercu Buana Yogyakarta. https://ejurnal.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/index.php/SEMNAPSI/article/view/4025

Barlow, D. H. (2011). The Oxford handbook of clinical psychology. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195366884.001.0001

Cheng, Y., Fang, Y., Zheng, J., Guan, S., Wang, M., & Hong, W. (2024). The burden of depression, anxiety and schizophrenia among the older population in ageing and aged countries: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. General Psychiatry, 37(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101078

Diameta, E., Adandom, I., Jumbo, S. U., Nwankwo, H. C., Obi, P. C., & Kalu, M. E. (2018). The burden experience of formal and informal caregivers of older adults with hip fracture in Nigeria. SAGE Open Nursing, 4, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2377960818785155

Fernández-Portero, C., Alarcón, D., Gallardo-Flores, A., Amián, J. G., & Sánchez-Medina, J. A. (2021). Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention program for women family caregivers of older adults. Healthcare (Basel), 9(9), Artikel 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091216

Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistic (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.

Fitriana, A., & Budiarto, E. (2021, December). Dukungan sosial untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis caregiver pada pasien skizofrenia: Literature review. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kesehatan, 1, 1323–1331. https://doi.org/10.48144/prosiding.v1i.831

Fitriani, A., Nashori, F., & Sulistyarini, I. (2021). Pelatihan regulasi emosi untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup caregiver skizofrenia. Psychopolytan: Jurnal Psikologi, 5(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.36341/psi.v5i1.1665

Fitriani, R. D., Theresa, R. M., & Aprilia, C. A. (2020). Pengaruh strategi coping terhadap tingkat stres pada caregiver informal yang merawat penderita skizofrenia di Poli Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Jiwa Dr. Soeharto Heerdjan Jakarta Barat. Jurnal Delima Harapan, 7(2), 128–133. https://doi.org/10.31935/delima.v7i2.111

Gravetter, F. J., & Forzano, L.-A. B. (2018). Research methods for the behavior behavioral sciences (6th ed). Cengage Learning.

Gitasari, N., & Savira, S. I. (2015). Pengalaman family caregiver orang dengan skizofrenia. Character, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v3i3.10956

Hsieh, C. C., Lin, Z. Z., Ho, C. C., Yu, C. J., Chen, H. J., Chen, Y. W., & Hsiao, F. H. (2021). The short- and long-term causal relationships between self-compassion, trait mindfulness, caregiver stress, and depressive symptoms in family caregivers of patients with lung cancer. Mindfulness, 12(7), 1812–1821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01642-4

Istichomah, & Fatihatur. (2019). The effectiveness of family knowledge about schizophrenia toward frequency of recurrence of schizophrenic family members at poly mental Grhasia Mental Hospital D. I. Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Samodra Ilmu, 10(2), 1689–1699. www.journal.uta45jakarta.ac.id

Juwarti, Wuryaningsih, E. W., & A’la, M. Z. (2018). Hubungan self compassion dengan stres family caregiver orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS) di wilayah kerja puskesmas Mumbulsari Kabupaten Jember. E-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan, 6(2), 298–304.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia [Kemenkes RI]. (2019). Laporan Nasional RISKESDAS 2018. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. https://repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/id/eprint/3514/1/Laporan%20Riskesdas%202018%20Nasional.pdf

Lloyd, J., Muers, J., Patterson, T. G., & Marczak, M. (2019). Self-compassion, coping strategies, and caregiver burden in caregivers of people with Dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 42(1), 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2018.1461162

Loo, Y. X., Yan, S., & Low, L. L. (2022). Caregiver burden and its prevalence, measurement scales, predictive factors and impact: A review with an Asian perspective. Singapore Medical Journal, 63(1), 593–603. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2021033

Molstrom, I. M., Nordgaard, J., Urfer-Parnas, A., Handest, R., Berge, J., & Henriksen, M. G. (2022). The prognosis of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression of 20-year follow-up studies. Schizophrenia Research, 250, 152–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2022.11.010

Mutia, F., Andari, N. P., & Khairunnisa, N. S. (2023). Pemaknaan konsep nrimo ing pandum pada pedagang tradisional di Pasar Legi Surakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 11(1), 75–81. https://doi.org/10.34050/jib.v11i1.24410

Nafiah, H. (2019). Studi deskriptif burden pada caregiver pasien skizofrenia di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan (JIK), 12(I), 459–469. https://doi.org/10.48144/jiks.v12i1.130

Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860390129863

Neff, K. (2004). Self-compassion and psychological well-being. Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 9(2), 27–37.

Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x

Neff, K. D. (2023). Self-compassion: Theory, method, research, and intervention. Annual Review of Psychology, 74, 193–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-031047

Neff, K., & Germer, C. (2017). Self-compassion and psychological well-being. Dalam Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science (hlm. 1–42). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199777600.003.0008

Nenobais, A., Jatimi, A., & Jufriyanto, M. (2019). Family burden for the caregivers of people with mental disorders: A systematic review. Jurnal Ners, 14(3), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v14i3.16971

Pardede, J. A., Mariati Siregar, L., & Halawa, M. (2020). Beban dengan koping keluarga saat merawat pasien skizofrenia yang mengalami perilaku kekerasan. Jurnal Kesehatan, 11(2), 189–196. http://ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JK

Parkinson, B. (2018). Risk of suicidal thinking in caregivers of people with dementia should be assessed and monitored by health professionals. Evidence Based Nursing, 21(3), 73–73. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2018-102930

Permatasari, D., Sakdiah, & Zahra, Z. (2020). Perbandingan tingkat caregiver burden pada ibu yang mengasuh pasien skizofrenia laki-laki dan perempuan. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala, 20(1), 8–12.

Phillips, R., Durkin, M., Engward, H., Cable, G., & Iancu, M. (2022). The impact of caring for family members with mental illnesses on the caregiver: A scoping review. Health Promotion Internasional, 38(3), Artikel daac049. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac049

Pratiwi, A. C., & Mardhiyah, S. A. (2019). Resiliensi dengan self-compassion pada family caregiver orang dengan skizofrenia (ODS). Psychology Journal of Mental Health, 1(1), 40–51.

Rahmani, F., Roshangar, F., Gholizadeh, L., & Asghari, E. (2022). Caregiver burden and the associated factors in the family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Nursing Open, 9(4), 1995–2002. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1205

Sari, E. P., Roudhotina, W., Rahmani, N. A., & Iqbal, M. M. (2020). Kebersyukuran, self-compassion, dan kesejahteraan psikologi pada caregiver skizofrenia. Jurnal Psikologi, 16(1), 1–10. http://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v16i1.9081

Shamsaei, F., Cheraghi, F., & Bashirian, S. (2015). Burden on family caregivers caring for patients with schizophrenia. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 10(4), 239–245.

Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. (2020). Reliabilitas dan validitas Self-Compassion Scale versi Bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 7(2), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu107

Sugiyono. (2017). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Tamizi, Z., Fallahi-Khoshknab, M., Dalvandi, A., Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi, F., Mohammadi, E., & Bakhshi, E. (2020). Caregiving burden in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A qualitative study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp

Xu, S., Zhang, H., & Wang, J. (2020). Caregiver burden and depression among chinese family caregivers: The role of self-compassion. Mindfulness, 11(7), 1647–1654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01378-7

Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499–520. http://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029966

Yusuf, D. A. (2017). Stigma masyarakat Indonesia tentang gangguan jiwa. http://repository.unair.ac.id/85672/1/Stigma Masyarakat Indonesia 05022019.pdf

Zarit, S. H., Todd, P. A., & Zarit, J. M. (1986). Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: A longitudinal study. The Gerontologist, 26(3), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/26.3.260

Zwar, L., König, H. H., & Hajek, A. (2021). Do informal caregivers expect to die earlier? A longitudinal study with a population-based sample on subjective life expectancy of informal caregivers. Gerontology, 67(4), 467–481. https://doi.org/10.1159/000513933

Downloads

Published

2025-11-27

How to Cite

Aditya, N., & Farisandy, E. D. (2025). The effect of self-compassion on caregiver burden in schizophrenia caregivers. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat, 12(2), 336–356. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu1109

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Original Research

Citation Check

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Nabila Aditya, Ellyana Dwi Farisandy

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The authors agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) for the exposure of their work with an acknowledgement of Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology (JPU) as an outlet of their published work.

 


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.